MyoungGuk Parka, SeJin Ahna, 
, 
, Jae Ho Yuna, Jihye Gwaka, Ara Choa, SeoungKyu Ahna, Keeshik Shina, Dahyun Namb, Hyeonsik Cheongb, Kyunghoon Yoona
| a | Photovoltaic Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2 JangDong, YuseongGu, DaeJeon 305-343, Republic of Korea |
| b | Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea |
Received 8 August 2011; revised 8 September 2011; Accepted 8 September 2011. Available online 3 October 2011.
Abstract
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were formed by a direct non-vacuum coating and a subsequent selenization of low cost precursor solutions, and their compositional, structural and optical properties were characterized. Selenized films showed a double-layered structure with an upper layer of chalcopyrite CIGS and an amorphous bottom layer mainly composed of carbon. For the upper CIGS layer, good compositional controllability for Cu and Ga was confirmed by linear relationship between metal ratios of the precursor solution and those of the selenized films. Effects of Cu and Ga contents on structural and optical properties of the films were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) analyses, and the results were interpreted by defect supercluster formation (VCu–InCu) in Cu-deficient films and mass and size difference between In and Ga, respectively. Further, the bottom layer was found to be mostly composed of conductive amorphous carbon, which is the main current flow path in the completed solar cells.
